Define reinforcement
What will be an ideal response?
Reinforcement is defined as a process in which a behavior is strengthened by the immediate consequences that reliably follows its occurrence.
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Priscilla, the very cute dog, has learned to jump the fence that encloses her human's garden. She has been doing it more and more often. She finds the fenced yard aversive, and when she escapes, she enjoys her freedom to explore the neighborhood, greet other dogs and chase squirrels. Evidently, Priscilla has learned to escape from her fenced yard through ______________.
a. punishment b. acquisition c. reinforcement d. observational learning
Which of the following is the most probable explanation for the difference in the apparent pattern of decline in IQ from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies?
a. Older cohorts in cross-sectional studies have less education than do younger cohorts. b. The older samples in cross-sectional studies include more ill subjects. c. Declines in midlife were only observed in the cohort born between 1910 and 1920. d. The longitudinal samples have been more representative of the overall population than have the samples studied in the major cross-sectional studies.