Which of the following is the most probable explanation for the difference in the apparent pattern of decline in IQ from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies?
a. Older cohorts in cross-sectional studies have less education than do younger cohorts.
b. The older samples in cross-sectional studies include more ill subjects.
c. Declines in midlife were only observed in the cohort born between 1910 and 1920.
d. The longitudinal samples have been more representative of the overall population than have the samples studied in the major cross-sectional studies.
A
Psychology
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