The price/earnings (P/E) ratio represents the degree of confidence that investors have in a firm's future performance

Just as Sally was in sight of a billboard for KU, a police car drove by with its lights flashing. Sally was so concerned with watching where the police car went that she totally missed seeing the billboard. In terms of the communication process, the police car acted as:

a. media interruptus b. noise c. static d. explicit communications e. negative feedback

________ occurs when ads from outside a test market enter the test market area and have the potential to confuse a marketer's reach and frequency calculations, while ________ occurs when ads meant for the test market touch people in nearby non-test

markets. A) Spill-out; spill-in B) Spill-in; spill-out C) Auditing; modeling D) Modeling; auditing E) Ad trafficking; media optimization