In the United States, Australia, and Hong Kong, parent-adolescent communication and encouragement benefit youth and help to ________ them from depression, suicide, and low self-esteem

Is having a gender variant identity more likely caused by nature- or nurture-related factors?

a) Nature. Gender variant disorder almost always reflects hormonal abnormalities. b) Nurture. Gender variant disorder almost always stems from abusive or pathological parenting. c) Gender variant disorder probably reflects an interaction between nature and nurture. d) Psychologists have not examined gender variant disorder enough to know.

In Milgram's (1974) study on obedience, when the learner missed a word on the list, the teacher responded by ______________

a. rereading the word b. administering a shock c. asking for the word again d. saying harsh words