Is having a gender variant identity more likely caused by nature- or nurture-related factors?
a) Nature. Gender variant disorder almost always reflects hormonal abnormalities.
b) Nurture. Gender variant disorder almost always stems from abusive or pathological parenting.
c) Gender variant disorder probably reflects an interaction between nature and nurture.
d) Psychologists have not examined gender variant disorder enough to know.
ANS: C, Your text states that a recent literature review (Veale et al., 2010) indicates that both biological and psychosocial factors are at work.
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The Life Events and Difficulties Schedule __________.
A. provides a quick way to assess stress responses and coping skills B. allows raters to consider unique circumstances around the same stressor C. focuses on how difficult life events are handled D. provides a timeline for describing the stress response
Which of the following statements is supported by research on make-believe play?
A) When adults participate, toddlers' make-believe play is more elaborate than when they play alone. B) In early childhood, make-believe play often occurs with an imaginary companion. C) In cultures where make-believe play occurs with older siblings rather than with mothers, the fantasy play of toddlers is hindered. D) Children are more likely to combine schemes into complex sequences when engaging in make-believe play with agemates than when they are playing with caregivers.