Which of the following situations would most likely be a violation of Title IX?
a. an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community
b. a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women's reproductive health
c. a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women
d. an employer who systematically pays women less than men for doing comparable work
Answer: c
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Two sources of systematic between-groups variation are
A) experimental and extraneous variance. B) sampling deviation and experimental variance. C) sampling deviation and extraneous variance. D) control variance and standard variance.
A difference that is produced only by an expectation of an effect
A) is impossible in experimental designs. B) is a placebo effect. C) is routine in experimental designs. D) cannot be controlled, but it is rarely a significant problem.