What key questions does research on the biological underpinnings of personality aim to answer?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Research on the biological underpinnings of personality tries to answer questions such as: What makes you who you are? How much of your personality is caused by your genes and how much by your environment? Research also explores how personality appears in the human brain, how our desires are rooted in our evolutionary past, why some people are more energetic in the morning and others in the evening, and how hormones influence our behavior.
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Riding his bicycle, Rob loved how the world smelled. The freshly cut grass, the scent of flowers, the slight asphalt odor on a hot day...all these odors were being converted from chemical molecules into neural information by receptors in Rob's nose in the process known as _________.
a. Transduction b. Sensation c. Perception d. Signal detection
Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) performed a famous experiment on cognitive dissonance in which subjects were asked to lie to a fellow student (about how fun a psychology experiment was) for either $1 or $20 . For subjects in the $1 condition, dissonance was created because these subjects thought to themselves: "I am a nice, ethical person, but I have just been mean and told a lie." It appears that
the $1 subjects were ultimately able to reduce this dissonance by thinking to themselves: ____. a. "I did not really tell a lie because the experiment was not that boring. In fact, the more I think about it, the more I think that it was kind of fun!" b. "I know I told that person a lie. But so what? There are bigger problems in this world!!" c. "Lying is a terrible thing. I swear that I will never do it again." d. "Whatever! I got $1 for doing almost nothing! Good deal!!"