Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) performed a famous experiment on cognitive dissonance in which subjects were asked to lie to a fellow student (about how fun a psychology experiment was) for either $1 or $20 . For subjects in the $1 condition, dissonance was created because these subjects thought to themselves: "I am a nice, ethical person, but I have just been mean and told a lie." It appears that

the $1 subjects were ultimately able to reduce this dissonance by thinking to themselves: ____.

a. "I did not really tell a lie because the experiment was not that boring. In fact, the more I think about it, the more I think that it was kind of fun!"
b. "I know I told that person a lie. But so what? There are bigger problems in this world!!"
c. "Lying is a terrible thing. I swear that I will never do it again."
d. "Whatever! I got $1 for doing almost nothing! Good deal!!"

A