Don's therapist has directed him to document on a daily basis the times, places, and conditions under which he goes to smoke a cigarette. Don discovers that he often ends up smoking outside his office building with his boss and enjoys the chance to chat with her. The therapist explains to Don that these conversations are:

Validity of gathered information in the clinical setting is often compromised by _________

a. all of these b. the patient's willingness to provide accurate information c. the patient's awareness of his or her own symptoms d. lack of access to informants, such as family members or friends

Negative reinforcement ________ response probability by the ________ following a response

a. increases; presentation of an appetitive stimulus b. increases; removal, reduction, or prevention of an aversive stimulus c. decreases; presentation of an appetitive stimulus d. decreases; removal, reduction, or prevention of an aversive stimulus