Which theory postulates that dreams are meaningless random byproducts of REM sleep?

Mrs. Hartley asked her second graders to draw a map of the school using their memory. The students' cognitive maps will probably

A) have an accurate arrangement. B) include landmarks. C) incorporate map symbols and a key. D) depict an organized route of travel.

Which of the following helps to explain why preoperational children's thinking keeps them from being able to understand the idea of conservation?

A) They tend to spend too much time on reversibility, or mentally reversing the steps in a problem back to the starting point. B) They tend to focus more on the dynamic transformation of a situation without giving adequate attention to beginning and ending states. C) They have a significant grasp on the idea that appearances can change without changing the fundamental characteristics of the situation. D) Their understanding is characterized by centration in which they focus on one aspect of the situation while ignoring other important features.