What specialization do dolphins and whales show in their sleep?
a. Their sleep is composed entirely of REM sleep
b. They sleep twice as long in summer as they do in winter.
c. They can sleep in half of the brain and not the other.
d. They take 5- to 10-minute naps each hour, all day.
c
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Learning that depends on mental processes that are not able to be observed directly is called _________ learning
a. autonomic b. primary c. secondary d. cognitive
With respect to the tendency to label people as a result of test outcomes, the authors of the textbook believe that labels often lead to
a. thinking of the "normality" of individual children rather than the educational systems that created the conditions. b. blaming the society for failure, rather than the individual being labeled. c. putting the spotlight on dysfunctional aspects of the environment rather than on deviant personalities. d. lowering people's sense of self-efficacy and encouraging an unwillingness to tackle challenges.