With respect to the tendency to label people as a result of test outcomes, the authors of the textbook believe that labels often lead to
a. thinking of the "normality" of individual children rather than the educational systems that created the conditions.
b. blaming the society for failure, rather than the individual being labeled.
c. putting the spotlight on dysfunctional aspects of the environment rather than on deviant personalities.
d. lowering people's sense of self-efficacy and encouraging an unwillingness to tackle challenges.
Answer: d. lowering people's sense of self-efficacy and encouraging an unwillingness to tackle challenges.
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The rooting reflex refers to a newborn's tendency to:
a) stand up and attempt to walk when placed on its knees. b) open the mouth to seek food when touched on the cheek. c) cry when approached by unfamiliar people. d) close the eyes when startled by loud noises.
In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode
A) all have the same value B) are determined by the standard deviation of the scores C) should have different values D) are determined from the variance of the scores