When Amanda's parents had a party, Amanda imitated her mother's hostess behavior by carrying around a tray of cheese and crackers. The guests commented on what a good girl she was and that she was just like her mother. The idea that Amanda learns her gender through modeling and reinforcement is central to ____ theory.

Imagine you are a student studying psychology at the end of the 1800s. You go to a lecture presented by William James. Which statement would you most expect to hear regarding James' view of human behavior?

a. There is no such thing as an instinct. b. Instincts exist only in nonhuman animals. c. Although some instincts exist in humans, they are generally unimportant. d. Humans rely even more on instinctual behavior than other animals.

In Sullivan"s view, the characteristics and interpersonal skills that develop in the context of close preadolescent same-sex friendships

A) become irrelevant in the world of adolescent peer relationships. B) get in the way of intimate relationships with other-sex peers. C) are essential for achieving close romantic and sexual relationships later on. D) are more critical for girls than for boys.