The two major causes of dead space ventilation are: 1. a decreased tidal volume. 2. dysoxia. 3. impaired CO2 removal. 4. increased physiologic dead space
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 1 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, and 3 only
ANS: C
An increase in dead space ventilation, or VD/VT, is caused by either (1) a decreased tidal volume as with rapid, shallow breathing (an increase in anatomic dead space per minute) or (2) increased physiologic dead space as in pulmonary embolus. (= 0). In either case, the proportion of wasted ventilation increases.
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