According to Vygotsky, culture can shape cognitive processes by ______.
a. creating new cognitive processes that previously did not exist
b. creating or omitting situations that could give rise to certain cognitive strategies
c. having all members of a culture have uniform cognitive processes
d. providing uniform environments for all members of the culture
b. creating or omitting situations that could give rise to certain cognitive strategies
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If integrated schools provide equal-status contact, what is the most likely reason that prejudice was not reduced?
a. the failure of schools to truly integrate b. the prejudices of the teachers and administrators c. minority-group children being unprepared to compete academically on an equal footing d. superordinate goals preventing the minority-group children from succeeding
Tweedledom and Tweedledee, three-year-old twins, work side by side assembling building blocks, but they rarely ever talk. They are doing
a. nonsocial activity. b. parallel play. c. cooperative play. d. associative play.