Discuss the major theoretical differences between child-centered and teacher-directed early childhood education programs. What theories underlie child-centered programs? What theories underlie teacher-directed programs?
What does each type of program emphasize in its work with young children?
Child-centered programs tend to reflect the theories of Piaget, Vygotsky, Montessori,
and the Reggio Emilia approach, stressing play and individual interest as impetus
for learning. Teacher-directed programs tend to be more behavioristic in approach,
structured on a basis of reward and punishment, and focused on school readiness.
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A basic principle governing operant conditioning is that ________
a. conditioned stimuli must precede unconditioned stimuli. b. behaviors are controlled by their consequences. c. animals can only be conditioned to perform behaviors that appear spontaneously. d. behaviors are controlled by thoughts and mental processes.
Among research participants from different cultures, it has been found that
A) strong emphasis is placed on romance and "fairy tale" love. B) individuals are less practical about love and marriage. C) passionate love for the spouse is correlated with marital satisfaction. D) people tend to have less happy marriages than in individualistic cultures. E) marriage is not considered an important part of life.