Seligman and Maier’s theoretical explanation for the inability of the dogs in their Inescapable Shock condition to learn a new escape route was that they
a. had learned in the training phase that there was nothing they could do to avoid shocks.
b. had suffered brain damage from the shocks during the training phase.
c. were depressed from the training phase, which made them amotivational.
d. had learned that escape also resulted in shock so they were left with no viable behavior to avoid shock.
Answer: a: they had learned in the training phase that there was nothing they could do to avoid shocks.
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People with high self-monitoring personalities
a. are less likely to adapt to new situations than low self-monitors. b. tend to be more aware of the behaviour of others than low self-monitors. c. tend to be less satisfied with their jobs than low self-monitors. d. tend to be more committed to their organizations than low self-monitors. e. generally have lower expectations of success than low self-monitors.
Compared to low-SES black parents, middle-SES white parents are more likely to ask their children
A) story-starter questions. B) questions that have a "right" answer. C) questions to which they themselves do not know the answer. D) analogy questions.