While it is not untypical to find the "vote of no confidence" as an element in parliamentary systems, the "constructive vote of no confidence" is only found in

Gaus concluded that in instances where external forces to the administrator cannot adequately shape the exercise of discretion, then democracy must necessarily rely on administrators’ ______.

a. socialization b. training c. professional norms d. the Constitution

In order to overcome the free-rider problem, many interest groups offer material benefits. What are material benefits?

a. the policies that interest groups help to bring about b. gifts given to members of Congress in return for their support on legislation c. benefits given only to group members d. campaign contributions to elected officials