Who helped initiate behaviorism by saying, "Let us limit ourselves to the things that can be observed . . ."?

Maria asks Lanie if she has a pencil. Lanie says, "Yes, I have a pencil," and then walks away without giving Maria the pencil. Her response suggests that she could have a problem with _______ understanding.

a. morphological b. syntactic c. semantic d. pragmatic

A manner of studying human development that takes into account all phases of life is referred to as the:

plastic nature of development. dynamic-systems theory. life-span perspective. multicontextual effect.