According to psychoanalytic theory, which of the following functions entirely at the unconscious level of awareness?

Which of the following statements about B. F. Skinner’s beliefs is true?

a. Skinner advocated greater use of punishment and negative reinforcement to control behavior.
b. Skinner believed that human behavior is determined by environmental consequences, not by individual choice or free will.
c. Skinner strongly advocated the study of cognitive processes to understand behavior.
d. Skinner believed that classical conditioning was not a valid explanation of behavior.

In an experiment to test the effects of anxiety on performance, the dependent variable is the ______

a. amount of anxiety b. age of the person c. person's performance d. cause of the anxiety