Which of the following statements about B. F. Skinner’s beliefs is true?
a. Skinner advocated greater use of punishment and negative reinforcement to control behavior.
b. Skinner believed that human behavior is determined by environmental consequences, not by individual choice or free will.
c. Skinner strongly advocated the study of cognitive processes to understand behavior.
d. Skinner believed that classical conditioning was not a valid explanation of behavior.
Ans: b. Skinner believed that human behavior is determined by environmental consequences, not by individual choice or free will.
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The familiarity effect is the tendency of people to:
a. be unable to distinguish between actual experiences and what they have been told. b. believe that a statement is true simply because it has been repeated a number of times. c. feel more positive toward a person, item, product, or other stimulus that they have seen often. d. overestimate their abilities to have predicted an event once the outcome is known.
According to Erikson, the basic strength that should develop during adolescence is:
a. purpose. c. hope. b. wisdom. d. fidelity.