______ are detailed points of focus for developing your central idea

Katherine is listening to Dr. Hawk's lecture on conflict in interpersonal relationships and starts to see how she and her mate employ several of the conflict strategies. At which stage of listening does this occur?

a. interpreting b. understanding c. responding d. remembering

Mary believes in helping the poor, but she refused to give to a homeless person she saw using a cell phone. She told herself he must not really be poor. This thinking is an example of

A. deception. B. exemption. C. justification. D. dissonance.