Heritability estimates for handedness are consistently 100%.

Putting dogs in situations inwhich they cannot escape painful electric shock leads to

__________ , accompanied by lowered levels of norepinephrine. Fill in the blanks with correct word

When we train a rat to press a lever using shaping, we reinforce all those behaviors that move in the direction of the lever. We are reinforcing __________ of the goal

a. successive approximations c. successive shapings b. executive approximations d. goal orientations