When we train a rat to press a lever using shaping, we reinforce all those behaviors that move in the direction of the lever. We are reinforcing __________ of the goal

a. successive approximations c. successive shapings
b. executive approximations d. goal orientations

A

Psychology

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According to the text, what percentage of fathers in the United States and the United Kingdom experience postpartum depression?

20% 15% 4% 1%

Psychology

When 2-year-old Shania says to her father, "Me do it!" she is expressing the sense of which of the following developmental processes?

a. development of stranger anxiety b. development of trust c. development of mistrust d. development of autonomy

Psychology