The effects of Rubella on babies most clearly illustrate which of the major principles governing teratogenic effects?

Adolescents who compare themselves with others who are slightly less proficient or skilled than themselves are engaging in ________ social comparison

A) downward B) non egocentric C) motivational D) upward

Cronbach’s alpha is a measure of the ______ of a survey.

a. test–retest reliability b. internal consistency c. testing effects d. construct validity