________ leaders, in contrast, work to change the organizational culture by being more proactive, introducing new ideas, and motivating employees through a higher sense of ideals and moral values

Downward distortions of messages in organizations are likely to

be A. corrected. B. disbelieved. C. worse in Theory Z organizations. D. positive. E. negative.

In a technical sense, listening is the process of

A. actively making meaning out of someone's spoken message. B. the auditory nerves and brain translating sound into meaning. C. perceiving and recognizing human speech. D. having access to a speaker's words.