The use of objects that can be traded for food, candy, treats, or special privileges with the purpose of reinforcing behavior is called ________

Elliott, fresh out of college, is an engineer who has just begun his career

He knows that the harder he works, the better he will get at engineering. Which component of the expectancy theory is likely motivating Elliott the most? a) achievement b) valence c) expectancy d) social motives

Heather really wanted to eat a piece of candy, but her mother had told her not to eat anything before dinner so she didn't. Heather's ability to resist the temptation to eat the candy shows

a. moral realism. c. empathy. b. moral relativism. d. self-control.