Discuss the concept of “optimally challenging” as presented in the textbook
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: The need for competence is fostered when an individual gains the impression that she or he is a capable individual who can meet challenges and overcome them. In a coaching situation, for example, giving an athlete tasks that are too easy will actually give them the opposite impression, that they are so incompetent that they can’t handle a challenge. In addition, they will not progress in their sport. On the other hand, if they are given tasks that are too difficult, they will experience a string of failures and the message of incompetence will also be reinforced. What is required is engagement in tasks that have a clear set of goals, that require effort to achieve, and in which clear and immediate feedback is given.
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Which of the following is a basic assumption of humanistic therapies?
a) Individuals have learned maladaptive behavior through various forms of conditioning. b) People need to be directed in therapy in order for it to be fully effective. c) Childhood experiences, especially traumas, greatly impact psychological development. d) People have the ability and freedom to lead rational lives and make rational choices.
Every day at Lucy's school the students recite in unison the list
of "ethical laws" that they are suppose to follow, such as being respectful, being friendly, and being honest. What type of moral education is being conducted at Lucy's school? A) Service learning B) Values clarification C) Social-cognitive domain theory D) Inculcation