The transition phase of Stage 1 of labor is the most painful part of labor

Benson, a black lab, had learned to associate two stimuli

with getting taken for a walk, his owner getting out his leash, and his owner getting out a belt. Every time his owner picked up his belt, Benson would jump around and get excited. His owner wanted Benson to stop that so he repeatedly took out his belt without taking Benson for a walk, and always took him for a walk when getting out his leash. He was teaching Benson to _____ a) generalize. b) extinguish. c) discriminate. d) learn preferentially.

Phosphenes occur because the

a. eyes are able to transduce only a tiny fraction of electromagnetic energies. b. eyes are sensitive to the effect known as visual pop-out. c. eyes are only prepared to code stimulation as visual features. d. sensitivity of the eyes to perceptual features in influenced by experiences early in life.