Between 2006 and 2009, our current account deficit.

From society's point of view, the amount of air and water pollution that currently exists is excessive. Which of the following statements are explanations of this excessive pollution?

a. Firms that cause air and water pollution are not paying the full social costs of producing their output. b. Consumers, who purchase goods from firms that pollute, are not paying a price for these goods which totally reflect the social costs of producing the goods. c. Private property rights for clear air and clean water are not currently well defined by the judicial system; hence private individuals cannot charge polluters for the external costs these polluters impose on private individuals. d. All of these.

Women earn less on average than men. Which of the following would be the logical conclusion?

a. Women must be the victim of employment discrimination. b. Women must be less productive. c. Men must be more highly motivated and materialistic. d. Without consideration of preferences and productivity factors, differences in unadjusted mean earnings do not necessarily reflect employment discrimination.