Exhibit 12-2 illustrates the progressively more inclusive ways a person can identify himself or herself within an organizational structure

At a basic level, a person might see himself or herself as an individual, but at a wider view, a person might see himself or herself as a member of a unit or a larger organizational area. Group members identify and categorize themselves in this same fashion; categorizing themselves and others in terms of in-groups and out-groups. The more narrowly a group defines itself, the more the group's behavior becomes:
a. cohesive and differentiated.
b. inclusive and extraverted.
c. competitive and self-serving.
d. cooperative and self-sacrificing.

c