A researcher conducted a 3 × 4 factorial design. How many groups were observed in this experiment?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is based on the concept that __________.

A. reinforcement and punishment are the best way to change behavior B. thinking influences emotion, motivation, and behavior C. behavior must change before cognitive changes can occur D. the therapist should take a less active role than is typically the case in behavior therapies

Peggy Blake and her colleagues constructed a scale of "life-change units" to measure the impact of life changes among college students. Surveys with students revealed that:

A) they considered unwanted pregnancy to be less stressful than major financial problems. B) they considered academic failures to be more stressful than the beginning of college. C) 100 percent of them considered graduating from college a stress-free event. D) some of them considered academic success to be stressful.