Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Rhetorical critics study

a. how viewers and listeners have their minds changed by communication messages. b. why particular persuasive techniques work or not. c. in what sorts of social, economic and political climates people are susceptible to particular kind of appeals. d. the ethics of persuasion. e. All of the above.

What strategy do effective speakers avoid when developing their conclusions?

A. adding new information B. referring back to the introduction C. reviewing the main points D. ending with a memorable thought