Piaget's conservation-of-liquid task demonstrates that preoperational children's thinking is characterized by __________ in that they focus on one aspect of a situation, neglecting other important features

Which of the following statements is true with regard to the ethical consideration that addresses causing harm or discomfort to research participants?

a. The potential of causing harm or discomfort to participants is only permitted when the participants are animals and not human beings. b. If a research participant could be caused harm or discomfort, then (s)he must be informed of the full nature of the research before it is conducted. c. Research participants who are placed at risk for harm or discomfort have the right to know, ahead of time, that they will not be permitted to discontinue their participation in the project. d. A research project may run the risk of causing harm or discomfort as long as such potential is outweighed by the potential human benefits of the project.

Which of the following statements about observations conducted in the home or laboratory is true?

A) In homes, observers find it easier to capture rare but important events. B) Researchers can better control children's experiences in a laboratory. C) Fearful children tend to respond better in a laboratory setting than in their own homes. D) Observations by researchers in the home or laboratory are usually more subjective than parental reports.