Which is an advantage of using lasers in the perioperative setting?
a. Low start-up cost for a facility laser program
b. Extra training or credentialing of staff not required
c. Minimal postoperative pain and scarring
d. Hospital setting required for most cases
ANS: C
Thermal effect on surrounding tissue is minimal with laser use. Essentially no permanent thermal necrosis of tissue occurs beyond 100 mm from the edge of the area incised. This minimizes postoperative pain. Healing occurs promptly and postoperative edema, sloughing of tissue, pain, and scarring are minimal.
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What conclusion was drawn regarding the use of permissive hypercapnia as a lung protective strategy for limiting VILI in patients with ALI?
A. The data were inconclusive. B. Permissive hypercapnia worked best with patients who were ventilated with VTs around 6 ml/kg. C. Permissive hypercapnia significantly reduced the mortality rate in patients ventilated with VTs of 12 ml/kg. D. The data did not detect any difference between permissive hypercapnia, and ALI patients receiving conventional or high-VT ventilation in limiting VILI.
As ventilatory muscles, the sternocleidomastoids do which of the following?
a. They elevate the upper chest, increasing chest anteroposterior diameter. b. They elevate the ribs and decrease chest anteroposterior diameter. c. They increase lateral chest movement dur-ing inspiration. d. They lower the sternum, thus increasing chest anteroposterior diameter.