________ in the cultures of Latin America and the Middle East may act to discourage individual achievement

Suppose a researcher finds that teens who smoke have fewer friends. What can we conclude about cause and effect?

A) Other teens reject those who smoke. B) Having fewer friends makes you nervous, and smoking calms you down. C) Teens with a nervous temperament put others off and are also more likely to smoke. D) Finding a correlation between smoking and having fewer friends does not let us conclude anything about cause and effect.

Henry is very shy and withdrawn. He rarely acts on impulse, feels guilty about any display of desire, and is emotionally restricted. Freud would say Henry's ______ is dominant part of his personality

a. id c. ego b. superego d. sexual instinct