Suppose a researcher finds that teens who smoke have fewer friends. What can we conclude about cause and effect?
A) Other teens reject those who smoke.
B) Having fewer friends makes you nervous, and smoking calms you down.
C) Teens with a nervous temperament put others off and are also more likely to smoke.
D) Finding a correlation between smoking and having fewer friends does not let us conclude anything about cause and effect.
Answer: D
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According to the research on divided-attention tasks, when people divide their attention between two stimuli,
a. they usually perform very accurately. b. they report that their performance accuracy suffers, but in reality, they simply perform the tasks more slowly. c. they typically make more errors. d. their performance shifts from serial processing to parallel processing.
A Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of -1 indicates
A) a strong positive correlation. B) a strong negative correlation. C) a weak positive correlation. D) a weak negative correlation.