Nadine is in the group that does not receive the independent variable. Nadine is in the group

____________ is an objective, standardized way of describing the strength of the independent variable's influence on the dependent variable

a. Effect size b. Significance level c. Meta-analysis d. Bayesian statistics

Researchers have usually found that:

a) females score higher on tests of verbal ability than males. b) males score higher on tests of verbal ability than females. c) there is no difference between males and females on tests of verbal ability. d) verbal ability differences between males and females are due to differential watching of talk shows.