____________ is an objective, standardized way of describing the strength of the independent variable's influence on the dependent variable

Which of the following statements about cognitive mapping is correct?

a. Cognitive maps consistently use analog rather than propositional encoding. b. The research on cognitive mapping is generally high in ecological validity. c. Spatial cognition is a topic within cognitive mapping that deals exclusively with table-top models. d. So far, almost all of the research on cognitive mapping has been confined to people's knowledge about the layout of college campuses.

According to the theory of signal detection, perceptual judgments involve

a. decision processes only. b. an absolute threshold. c. sensory processes only. d. both sensory and decision processes.