According to humanistic theory, the desire to achieve all that one is capable of is called _____

According to Hughes and Demo (1989), African Americans who report having faced racial discrimination _______

a. have lower self-efficacy beliefs b. have the same self-efficacy beliefs as those who haven't faced racial discrimination c. have higher self-efficacy beliefs from overcoming adversity d. perform better in school

You are watching a video of a man in a developing country performing a task intended to determine if he is in the formal operations state of development. The person performing the task is 28 and he is performing quite poorly. What explanation would late 20th-century researchers have given to account for his poor performance?

a. He was cognitively incapable of formal operations. b. He did not have formal education that included the scientific method. c. He had previously experienced brain damage. d. He was not interested in "proving" his abilities.