You are watching a video of a man in a developing country performing a task intended to determine if he is in the formal operations state of development. The person performing the task is 28 and he is performing quite poorly. What explanation would late 20th-century researchers have given to account for his poor performance?
a. He was cognitively incapable of formal operations.
b. He did not have formal education that included the scientific method.
c. He had previously experienced brain damage.
d. He was not interested in "proving" his abilities.
B. It is most likely that a lacked a formal education that included learning the scientific method.
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Dehumanizing an enemy (e.g., referring to Germans as "Krauts" or Japanese as "Nips" or "Japs" during World War II) can contribute to further aggression and even wartime atrocities by
A) increasing frustration. B) reducing our ability to empathize. C) increasing cognitive dissonance. D) not allowing for a proper cathartic outlet. E) increasing inhibitions.
Validity coefficients will always be _____ in the original sample compared to a second sample used for cross-validation.
A) higher B) lower C) identical D) unpredictably different