Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Advocates who think of themselves as “good people” will be embraced as good people by
their audiences.
2. An advocate can have credibility for one audience member but not for another.
3. Only audience members who have seen or heard of an advocate before have opinions about
them before they speak.
4. In argumentation, all opinions should be considered equally valid.
5. Knowledgeability is an ethical issue.
1. false
2. true
3. false
4. false
5. true
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In the Rhetoric, Aristotle focused on what he called the artistic proofs or appeals that the persuader could create or manipulate. Which of the following is not one of Aristotle's three major types of artistic proof?
a. topoi b. pathos c. logos d. ethos
Which of the following does your textbook say about causal reasoning?
A. Causal reasoning should be supplemented with analogical reasoning. B. Causal reasoning can be tricky because the relationship between causes and effects is not always clear. C. Causal reasoning should be used only in persuasive speeches on a question of policy. D. When using causal reasoning, you need to discuss the cause before the effect. E. When using causal reasoning, you should be especially careful to avoid the ad hominem fallacy.