A meta-analysis of 103 studies showed that initiating structure and consideration both had beneficial relationships with a number of outcomes.

For example, consideration had a strong positive relationship with perceived leader effectiveness, employee motivation, and employee job satisfaction. For its part, initiating structure had a strong positive relationship with employee motivation and moderate positive relationships with perceived leader effectiveness, employee job satisfaction, and overall unit performance.

In fact, a meta-analysis of 78 studies showed that initiating structure and consideration are only weakly related—knowing whether a leader engages in one brand of behavior says little about whether he or she engages in the other brand.

Communication & Mass Media

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According to trait theory, individuals who are male, tall, good looking, and intelligent are more likely to be born leaders

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Communication & Mass Media

The Lumière brothers' most important contribution to the development of motion pictures was

A. the introduction of color. B. the introduction of talkies. C. the projection of movies on a screen in a dark room. D. all of these.

Communication & Mass Media