Appeals of all serious felony cases are made directly to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, bypassing intermediate courts of appeals

Why might an agreement to address climate change be better served by a narrow membership than by a broad one?

a. Most of the world's countries have no interest in an agreement. b. It would eliminate the problem of the low compliance to the agreement. c. The more members there are, the more complex the negotiations and the more difficult it is to reach an agreement. d. If membership is restricted to the most powerful countries, any agreement can then be imposed on all other countries. e. Broad membership would inevitably include the United States, and the United States has no interest in addressing this problem.

When researchers are planning medical research with experimental and placebo groups, it is true that

a. they can withhold treatment in a research project as long as they report it in their research report. b. they are not allowed to put participants at risk by withholding treatment even if millions of people will later benefit from the research results. c. they can withhold treatment from the placebo group only if the treatments being used have not been systematically tested before. d. they can prescribe experimental treatments without patient knowledge only if there is a 95% chance or greater that the new treatment will work.