_______ is NOT one of the five factors in the Five Factor model

Imagine that you are observing one of Pavlov's early experiments on classical conditioning. After a dog is placed in a harness, what is most likely to happen?

a. A tone will be presented, and then a bell will ring. b. If the dog makes an orienting response, he will be given some food. c. A tone will be presented, and the dog will be given some food. d. If the dog barks, he will be given an electric shock.

The only research method that can demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between variables is the ______ method

a. correlational b. experimental c. case study d. naturalistic observation