Discuss the biological components of emotional arousal, and explain the difference between the James-Lange theory of physical arousal and the two-factor theory
What will be an ideal response?
The limbic system integrates hormonal and neural aspects of emotion. The cerebral cortex interprets events and associates them with emotions. The autonomic nervous system sends messages to internal organs when we are aroused. More specifically, the parasympathetic nervous system dominates for pleasant emotions, whereas the sympathetic division is more active for unpleasant ones. The James-Lange theory of emotion claims that actions occur before (and underlie) emotional responses, whereas the two-factor theory claims that emotions occur due to our appraisal of both our physical state and our current situation.
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As a safety precaution, hotels no longer stamp room numbers on keys. Thus, the clerk tells you the room you will be occupying. In order to remember the room number as you walk to the elevator,
you repeat the following over and over: eleven, zero, five; eleven, zero, five. Why are you doing this? a) to keep the information in short-term memory b) to allow the clerk's voice to serve as a retrieval cue c) to allow the information to consolidate in sensory memory d) to connect the information with the visual image of the room number on the door
According to Pavlov, classical conditioning occurs if and only if what happens? a. The learner increases activity at dopamine synapses
b. The learner receives positive reinforcement for a response. c. The learner is conscious of the relationship between the CS and UCS. d. The CS and UCS occur close together in time.