The placebo effect occurs

A) only in studies using suggestion.
B) only in studies involving medication.
C) when participants have fairly specific expectations of an experimental treatment.
D) when participants have no preconceived notions about any aspect of the research.

Answer: C

Political Science

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Of the following levels of research, which one represents the lowest level of constraint?

A) experimental research B) naturalistic observation C) case-study research D) differential research

Political Science

Before 1883, how were government jobs awarded?

a. Jobs were awarded based on applicants' expertise. b. Jobs were awarded through a lottery system. c. Jobs were awarded based on applicants' performance on entrance exams. d. Jobs were awarded based on applicants' loyalty to the party in power.

Political Science