Which of the following is being investigated as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease?

Using Kohlberg's terms, identify the level of moral reasoning in each statement: (1) "He only cares if he gets punished or rewarded"; (2) "He has a personal code of ethics that transcends what society says"; (3) "His morality is focused on what the culture says is legal or right."

a) (1) premoral; (2) postmoral; (3) traditionally moral b) (1) postconventional; (2) preconventional; (3) conventional c) (1) conventional; (2) preconventional; (3) postconventional d) (1) preconventional; (2) postconventional; (3) conventional

Heider assumed that people generally preferred internal over external attributions. This early suggestion has been borne out by later research on

a. the fundamental attribution error. b. the actor-observer difference. c. the self-serving bias. d. defensive attributions.