There are six ways that a researcher can strive for invisibility, or to see what's going on without being observed and hence, capture the essence of a situation. Describe how each method works
What will be an ideal response?
1. Disattending: Erosion of visibility by time. An ethnographer can fade into the background after being in a setting for a long time so that the inhabitants are no longer aware of his or her presence.
2. Disattending: Erosion of visibility by display of no symbolic detachment. Ethnographers act as if they belong to become invisible within the group by downplaying differences between researcher and study population. This involves dressing like a local, acting like a member of the community, or demonstrating an insider's knowledge of jokes or expectations.
3. Disattending: Erosion of visibility by display of symbolic detachment. Researcher actively works toward invisibility by participating with ordinary inhabitants in their everyday routines so that subjects recognize the researcher in a non-research role, and the research is not the central issue when thinking of the researcher.
4. Disattending: Erosion of visibility by personalizing the ethnographer-informant relationship. The researcher becomes invisible by winning over the participants through rapport. The subjects suspend concern over research in favor of liking the researcher as a person.
5. Misrepresentation: Masking real research intents. This plays on the fact that subjects will be most concerned about the behavior they believe to be of the researcher's interest. If the researcher gives a false area of study, subjects may not be self-conscious about the actual behavior the researcher is studying.
6. Misrepresentation: Masking identity of ethnographer. The researcher is covert and does not announce presence as a researcher, but pretends to be a natural member of the group.
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If a group of people were systematically discriminated against in the past, which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed as a remedy to help the members of this group overcome the legacy of discrimination?
A. a hiring policy that favors those with relatives working in government B. a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group C. a color-blind job application process to give members of this group an equal chance D. a policy that gives extra weight to votes cast by members of the group
Identify two potential problems with privatizing Social Security.
What will be an ideal response?