Studies of response-outcome relations and reinforcement have found that
a. operant behavior is automatically strengthened when it is followed by desirable consequences.
b. people actively reason out the relations between responses and the outcomes that follow.
c. there are species-specific predispositions to form certain types of associations.
d. on concurrent schedules of reinforcement, organisms emit responses that maximize the total number of reinforcers they will receive.
B
You might also like to view...
___________ involves perceiving criticism in a message when none is intended by the speaker
a. Stage-hogging b. Critical listening c. Selective listening d. Defensive listening
G. Stanley Hall saw adolescence as a period characterized by ______
a. casual relationships and an easy transition from childhood to adulthood b. a few "bumps in the road," but otherwise relatively calm c. a period of intense, but controlled, personal growth and exploration d. a period of severe "storm and stress," fraught with passion and rebellion